The WT1 gene (chromosome 11) is required for the
morphogenesis of the urogenital system and represents a regulation gene for the
transcription of the SRY.
The gene expression of the SOX9 gene (chromosome
17), which in the mouse is found in the genital ridge of both sexes and in the
supporting cells (Sertoli), plays a role in the activation of the AMH gene (antimüllerian
hormone). The mutation with a functional failure of a single copy of the SOX9
gene leads to a reversal of the gender of a male individual (46,XY)
The SF1 gene (chromosome 9) is expressed in the
gonad anlagen of both sexes, activates the expression of the gene for the
synthesis of steroids.
The DAX1 gene (chromosome X), which is also
expressed in the genital ridges, hinders the activation of SF1. An excessive
expression of DAX1 hinders a differentiation of the testes.
The
gene coding for AMH (antimüllerian hormone; chromosome 19) is
responsible for the atrophy of the paramesonephric duct (Müller).